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The effectiveness and rationale of Gatekeeper in combating malware have been acknowledged, but been met with reservations. This feature is turned off if the application bundle originated from a signed installer package or disk image or if the user manually moved the application without any other files to another directory. In addition, "path randomization" executes application bundles from a random, hidden path and prevents them from accessing external files relative to their location. In macOS Sierra, this allows developers to guarantee the integrity of all bundled files and prevent attackers from infecting and subsequently redistributing them. Path randomization ĭevelopers can sign disk images that can be verified as a unit by the system.

Malware removal mac os x manual#

To override Gatekeeper, the user (acting as an administrator) either has to switch to a more lenient policy from the security & privacy panel of System Preferences or authorize a manual override for a particular application, either by opening the application from the context menu or by adding it with spctl. Once an application has passed File Quarantine or Gatekeeper, it will be allowed to run normally and will not be verified again. Apple can revoke the developer's certificate with which the application was signed and prevent further distribution. Gatekeeper will refuse to open the application if the code-signing requirements are not met. If the application is blacklisted, then File Quarantine will refuse to open it and recommend to the user to move it to trash.

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Since Mac OS X Snow Leopard, the system keeps two blacklists to identify known malware or insecure software.

has code-signed contents that still match the signature.

is code-signed by Apple or a certified developer, or.

When the user attempts to open an application with such an attribute, the system will postpone the execution and verify whether it: Screenshot of a system alert that appears when Gatekeeper prevents an application from running, because it was not signed by an Apple certified developer. The system can also force this behavior upon individual applications using a signature-based system named Xprotect. This attribute is added by the application that downloads the file, such as a web browser or email client, but is not usually added by common BitTorrent client software, such as Transmission, and application developers will need to implement this feature into their applications and is not implemented by the system.

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Upon download of an application, a particular extended file attribute ("quarantine flag") can be added to the downloaded file. The command-line utility spctl provides granular controls, such as custom rules and individual or blanket permissions, as well as an option to turn Gatekeeper off. However, this option can be re-enabled by using the 'sudo spctl -master-disable' command from the Terminal and authenticating with an admin password. Since macOS Sierra, this option is hidden by default. Anywhere Allows all applications to be launched. This is the default setting since Mountain Lion. Mac App Store and identified developers Allows applications downloaded from the Mac App Store and applications signed by certified Apple developers to be launched.

Mac App Store Allows only applications downloaded from the Mac App Store to be launched. In the security & privacy panel of System Preferences, the user has three options, allowing apps downloaded from:

Since macOS Sierra, the "Anywhere" option is hidden by default. Gatekeeper options in the System Preferences application.